Monopolies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Imposing business models - Essay Example Anyway the others were considered of low quality by Microsoft. There then emerged an issue of whether Microsoft had adjusted its applications to support web pioneer over different programs. The respondent was additionally blamed for framing prohibitive permitting concurrences with other unique hardware producers which was an awful set of principles. With all due respect, Microsoft contended that Microsoft windows and web traveler were consolidated in order to improve development and rivalry in this manner, the two turned into an equivalent item which encouraged customers to get all the advantages of web wayfarer gratis. This was in opposition to the offended parties who contended that the program was an unmistakable item which didn't require blend with the working framework. Imposing business model market structure is a market wherein there is a solitary provider of an item (Boyes and Melvin, 2008). The firm is alluded to as a monopolist and its item has no nearby substitutes. Boyes and Melvin further called attention to that† a firm that has imposing business model force is a value creator instead of a cost taker† (p.567). The trademark here is that it sets the cost of the item and the peripheral income will be not exactly the costs for restraining infrastructures firm consequently the descending slopping request bend. Also, for this situation, Microsoft adjusted web pilgrim to be supported and to be socially favored by numerous clients over different programs in the market. Thusly, when a solitary enormous firm’s item become socially best than those of its rivals, it is known as characteristic restraining infrastructure (Goodwin et al, 2008). The market structure of an unadulterated imposing business model is portrayed by one dealer in the market, the products being sold have no substitute and there are hindrances of section into the market by different firms. In the expressed case, Microsoft’s items were exceptionally separated and this reinforced its market power and monetary benefits expanded because of the blemished

Perspective on social sciences Essay

Sociology and social hypothesis were to free the considerations and along these lines help social gatherings in ousting control and suppression. This development of basic sociology and social hypothesis stands obnoxiously at chances with the moderate positivist polished methodology of standard human science as in it imagines human freedom as the most elevated reason of scholarly uproar. Habermas has made careful arrangements to contend that this conclusive start of sociology and social hypothesis isn't against what he calls the venture of advancement, which initiated with the Enlightenment. Absolutely, he fights that basic social hypothesis, considered as correspondence hypothesis and morals, achieves the venture of innovation by further defending public activity in manners assessed yet not finished by Weber. Despite the fact that Habermas unnecessarily isolates instrumental and open rationalities, much as Kant did, in this way constraining the field of human freedom to informative tasks yet leaving innovation and its territory of nature immaculate, he marvelously reconceptualizes Marxism in manners that give it exact and political buy in the present. A long way from abandoning innovation and advancement, Habermas contends that Marx was a pioneer and that the task of advancement can basically be satisfied in a Marxist manner, in spite of the fact that in wording that go astray definitely from the Marxist and Marxist-Leninist systems of the mid twentieth century. Habermas bolsters the Enlightenment’s program of normal freedom and reasonability through (a reconceptualized) Marx. This confirmation to the Enlightenment and innovation must clear basic social scholars, for example, Habermas of the acceptances that they are Luddites, antimodernists, rebels. A long way from insufficient scholarly life, including sociology and social hypothesis, to be abbreviated to instructive political training, Habermas needs to open scholastic life to veritable discussion and assorted variety, which he guesses as far as his informative morals. despite the fact that the portrayal of left scholastics as extremist supporters of â€Å"political correctness† is to a great extent publicity declared by eighties neoconservatives, numerous basic social scholars are particularly hard on purveyors of multicultural character governmental issues, especially the individuals who get from postmodernism. Professionalized liberal positivists, including various U. S. sociologists, conflate every single hypothetical heterodoxy, especially where they contend that one ought to shield the disciplinary task of human science against the wild people who might â€Å"politicize† social science and sociology when respectable sociologists are battling a rearguard activity against financial plan slicing college executives. These expert positivists underestimate all idea and research that don't kowtow to the injuries of as far as anyone knows esteem free quantitative observation. This pulverizes subtleties: Habermas (1987a) reprimands postmodernism; Fraser (1989) inclinations Habermas and Foucault to be all the more clearly women's activist. It likewise neglects to recognize that basic social hypotheses hold thorough investigation, objectivity, polished methodology, even disciplinarily. Basic social scholars differ from professionalized positivist sociologists most pointedly in contending that the point of information is light and consequently freedom, not the advancement of individual expert qualifications or the movement of one’s control. Basic social scholars scorn Comte’s model of the hard sciences as an image for their own work as they accept that positivism killed accuracy and thus the chance of huge scope auxiliary change. Basic social scholars are unashamed to be viewed as political, especially when they concur with Horkheimer and Adorno in Dialectic of Enlightenment that the act of opportunity from values is the most powerful worth situation of all, taking up the present as a wealth of social being and repudiating perfect world. It is wry that positivist sociologists in the United States who endeavor to build up their order in the college by focusing on its likeness to the hard sciences, including both positivist quantitative procedure and award value, additionally contend that human science should expressive what are called arrangement suggestions, especially since a Democrat is president. Applied humanism proposes state arrangements in domains, for example, medicinal services, maturing, social government assistance, work and family, and wrongdoing. Positivist sociologists state that human science takes care of its by underlining its genuine applications recommended in the tight specialized examinations spreading in the diaries. various positivist diary articles unoriginally finish up with short excursuses on â€Å"policy† in this sense. This segue into approach examination both legitimizes human science in the state mechanical assembly (e. g. , open research colleges) and assists humanism with dodging a progressively central legislative issues the idea of arrangement inferring moderate improvement of social issues and not systematic change. Also, the conversation of arrangement upgrades the award value of sociological research, which has transform into a trademark of scholarly expert authenticity. In this manner, the move from the sociological to the social with respect to huge social scholars who bolster interdisciplinary is scaring to disciplinary positivists since it foreshadows the politicization of social hypothesis and sociology at once while some accept human science should put conclusive separation among itself and its sixties commitment. The worn out stand-up line of sociology’s pundits that humanism uses similar sounding words with communism, social work, and the sixties represents this distraction with the legitimating of sociological disciplinarity and discloses why interdisciplinary ways to deal with the social are so compromising. The interpretive controls and human science are moving in conflicting ways: Interpretive researchers and social pundits praise the politicization of the group, while positivist sociologists need to oppress legislative issues. Driving U. S. scholarly projects, for example, Duke’s are flooded with these new hypothetical developments that issue the out of date quality of standard ways to deal with the investigation of writing and culture. In these settings, legislative issues isn't a beset to be wiped out however an opening to better approaches for seeing, composing, and instructing. Out of nowhere, with the intrusion of these new European and women's activist impacts, conventional ways to deal with â€Å"representation† (delineating the world) in both craftsmanship and analysis could never again be trusted. Postmodern anecdotal and social hypothesis bloomed in a post illustrative time, explicitly something contrary to what was going on in positivist human science, which sticks more tenaciously than any time in recent memory to portrayal - accomplished through quantitative technique as the alleged redemption of a troubled order. Not all forms of postmodernism are qualified as either social or basic hypothesis. Notwithstanding, as Fredric Jameson (1991) has contended in Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, postmodern hypothesis has the potential for new types of neo-Marxist social and social examination relevant to late private enterprise. Foucault, Jean Baudrillard, and Derrida make implies for basic speculations of the social, particularly where they make conceivable the basic examination of social talks and practices that personally take after and develop the Frankfurt School’s investigation of the way of life industry. What's more, postmodern hypothesis has made it almost unreachable for individuals in interpretive and social controls to move toward writings as though the â€Å"meanings† of those writings could be uncovered to presuppositionless, extremely positivist readings. Postmodernists commute home the point that perusing is itself a type of composing, of contention, as in it fills in holes and logical inconsistencies in writings through solid scholarly acts of creative mind and cross examination. Hardly any today can move toward the demonstration of perusing or composing concerning perusing in the equivalent secure manner that they could peruse messages before postmodernism, before portrayal was tested as a seriously hypothetical and political venture in its own right. A groundbreaking number of sociologists and anthropologists (Richardson [1988, 1990a, 1990b, 1991a, 1991b], Denzin [1986, 1989, 1990, 1991c], Aronowitz [1990], Behar and Gordon [1995]) draw from postmodernism in reformulating both sociology research and hypothesis considering postmodernism’s compelling test to positivist speculations of portrayal, composing, and perusing. Notwithstanding, unmistakably most American sociologists and others in neighboring sociology disciplines doubt as well as despise the postmodern turn for its supposed enmity to science and subsequently objectivity, meticulousness, disciplinary authenticity, quantitative technique, and award value. The new grant in humanities divisions edifies basic sociology in that it peruses social talks and practices as ideological and commoditized and figures progressively broad speculative understandings of society. For instance, crafted by Jameson, the writer of various fundamental books on social and social hypothesis from Marxism and Form (1971) to Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991), plainly places in to the undertaking of basic social hypothesis. Jameson is in discourse with basic scholars and postmodern scholars. He builds up a postmodern Marxism that gains from yet doesn't surrender to the detotalizing ramifications of postmodern hypothesis. Albeit a considerable lot of Jameson’s references are from culture and writing while Habermas’s, for instance, are from social hypothesis and correspondence hypothesis Jameson in actuality â€Å"does† postmodern basic hypothesis in his readings of works of writing, engineering, music, painting, and theory, introducing not just close printed investigation however extending his readings into distortions very si

Blog Archive MBA News Thunderbird Seeks For-Profit Help

Blog Archive MBA News Thunderbird Seeks For-Profit Help According to the  Wall Street Journal, the 67-year old Thunderbird School of Global Management will soon announce a landmark decision to avert its continued financial decline. The school’s campus will be sold to Laureate Education Inc., a for-profit college operator, thereby establishing a partnership that stands to generate more than $100M in operating surplus. Without a parent institution, Thunderbird is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in the business school market. As MBA applications have declined and top-ranked schools have expanded their global focus, Thunderbird’s unique brand of international training has been flagging, with the student body shrinking 8% between 2007 and 2012. While supporters insist drastic measures are needed, the decision has stirred controversy in the Thunderbird community, causing two board members to resign. Others have called the sale of a student- and alumni-funded campus to a private company “unconscionable,” with many worrying that the deal will “cheapen the value of the [Thunderbird] degree.” Share ThisTweet News

Case Conflict at Walt Disney - 880 Words

Management Organization ____________________________________________________________________________ Week 6 Case Assignment 1. How would you describe the conflict between Michael Eisner and the Weinstein brother, the two board members (Disney and Gold), and Steve Jobs† Was it functional or dysfunctional? The functional conflict is defined as a confrontation between groups that enhances and benefits the organization’s performance’ while dysfunctional conflict is defined as any confrontation or interaction between groups that harms the organization or hinders the achievement or organizational goals. Though, a point the Ivancevich makes is that in most cases, the point at which functional confrontation becomes dysfunctional is†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Compromise is a good â€Å"backup† strategy that conflicting parties can fall back on if their attempts at problem solving are unsuccessful.† 3. To what degree do you think Iger’s calmer and less confrontational approach to running Disney has helped the company position itself to survive a major economic recession? When Bob Iger succeeded Michael Eisner, he was considered a safe â€Å"Mr. Inside† who was a competent operator and an unobjectionable personality. Iger has steered Disney shrewdly since succeeding Michael Eisner. Where Eisner seemed forever awash in controversies, Iger has chosen a shrewder, less confrontational path. It has helped Iger build a stellar reputation on Wall Street, where the money barons dont like provocation. His calmer approach helped repair key relationships that were strained during Eisners reign as CEO. He believed in being productive instead of fighting wars and that gave a sign of relief to the company. He was not too adherent to the company tradition rather he focused on being more innovative. He encouraged risk taking as a means of innovation and development. He took risk to expand Disney business adding broad mix of business to its portfolio like ABC family, ESPN and Disney channels. He bought Pixar for $7.4 billion in 2006, gaining unmatched creative resources as well as the close counsel of Pixar founder Steve Jobs (whose estate is Disney’s single largest shareholder). He followed itShow MoreRelatedConflict at Walt Disney- Case Study1170 Words   |  5 PagesConflict at Walt Disney Eve Stapler Webster University Conflict at Walt Disney Within every organization there is some type of conflict, whether the conflict is personal, organizational or emotional. But the key is to manage the conflict so as to not hinder the profitability, functionality or public image of the company so that it is viable competitively. In the case of the Walt Disney Company, although the company had conflict within the organization, this did not hinder its competitivenessRead MoreEssay about Discussion Case: a Brawl in Mickeys Backyard769 Words   |  4 PagesCase Assignment: The Corporation and Its Stakeholders Issue The discussion case â€Å"A Brawl in Mickey’s Backyard† centers on a conflict between real estate developer SunCal and The Walt Disney Company. In 2005, SunCal arranged to purchase 26-acres of land within the Anaheim Resort District. Upon acquiring the site, SunCal intended to develop 1,500 condominiums, 225 of which would be priced below the market rate. Since the Anaheim Resort District is specified for commercial recreation use only, SunCalRead MoreCase Study Disney1005 Words   |  5 PagesA Case Study on 02/11/08 02/11/08 Agenda ââ€" º About Disney ââ€" º Divisions of Disney ââ€" º A bit of History ââ€" º About the CASE ââ€" º SWOT Analysis ââ€" º Its Current Executive Management ââ€" º Recommended Organizational structures ï‚ § Model 1 ï‚ § Model 2 ï‚ § Model 3 02/11/08 About Disney ââ€" º ââ€" º ââ€" º ââ€" º The Walt Disney Company (most commonly known as Disney) (NYSE: DIS) is one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. Founded on October 16, 1923 by brothers Walt and Roy Disney asRead MoreOrganizational Conflict At Walt Disney The Ceo Eisner1124 Words   |  5 Pagesstates that organizational conflict is the clash that occurs when the goal-directed behavior of one group blocks or thwarts the goals of another (p. 391). In the case study Politics at Walt Disney the CEO Eisner began losing favor with the company when the firm’s performance began to fall. Despite having handpicked a majority of the board members Eisner could not deny the company’s loss of performance. Pondy (as cited by Jones, 2013) developed a model of organizational conflict which lists five sourcesRead MoreThe Management And Worker Relationships Within The 2009 Documentary Waking Sleeping Beauty Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent notions of power will help to show the impacts they have had on the creative team within the Disney Corporation as well as the many variations of resistance, which occurred. This essay will discuss ‘Waking Sleeping Beauty’ in chronological order using specific events, which display the six notions of power in order to show the relationships between managers and the animators of Walt Disney Productions. In a noteworthy study focusing on power two reputable academics John R.P. French andRead MoreThe Walt Disney Corporation: the Entertainment King1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Original Disney Company (pre-1984) Walt Disney set a vision for the company – to provide wholesome family entertainment. Everything that the company did was aligned to this vision and corporate philosophy. The key ingredient that fueled the success of Walt Disney Company was its ability to create new, unique cartoon characters that had universal appeal. Over the years, Disney did a great job in bringing these characters to life, and kept introducing new characters that further solidifiedRead MoreThe Success Or Failure For The Walt Disney Company Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction 1.1 Objective of Case Study The objective of this case study is to discuss about how the success or failure for The Walt Disney Company apply several corporate government theories and corporate board management to their organisation. 1.2 A - Definition of Corporate Governance Corporate governance is the internal and external framework of verification and counterbalance to the organisation. This framework ensures that accountability discharge to all their stakeholders by an organisationRead MoreCase Study Disney Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesCase 11.1 (p. 337) â€Å"Conflict at Walt Disney Company: A Distant Memory? | 1) How would you describe the conflict between Michael Eisner and the Weinstein brothers, the two board members (Disney and Gold), and Steve Jobs? Was it functional or dysfunctional? 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SWOT Strengths * Stable Revenue and Profit Growth * Diversified Portfolio * Tremendous Brand Recognition * Responsiveness to Markets * Substantial Asset Holdings Weaknesses * Top Tier Management Turnover * Redundancy in Business Functions Due to SBU Structure * Inclusion of High-Risk Investments in Holdings * Lack of Corporate Control over Divisions * Growth Barriers in Theme Parks Opportunities * Continued Growth through

The Great Gatsby And The Handmaid s Tale Crushing Dreams

Rilye Fries Mrs. Tucker English 12 hour 3 13 March 2015 The Great Gatsby and The Handmaid’s Tale: Crushing Dreams The Great Gatsby is regarded as a classic novel for its sad and hopeful story of Jay Gatsby and his quest to obtain Daisy Buchanan, his first love. Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid s Tale is regarded as a more modern day classic, taking place in a dystopian society where women are regarded as sex slaves and the Bible is law. Both F. Scott Fitzgerald and Margaret Atwood, despite having different writing styles, show the corruption and falsehood of the American Dream. The authors show this through characterization, setting, symbolism, and dreams. The characters in both novels play a drastic role in showing the corruption in the American Dream. In Gatsby, Fitzgerald characterizes women as prizes and as being irresponsible, while men are power hungry and will do anything to buy the females, although all of them are bored with their riches. One character, Daisy, is an icon for desire and damnation, and men, in particular Gatsby, love this. They are willing to do anything, willing to pay and pay twice (Wershoven 143). Men want her and she is never fully satisfied (Wershoven 143). She is always looking for new amusement and new fantasies. Men take on the position of caring for a spoiled little girl. In Gatsby, there is both a shooting and a car accident that was indirectly caused by the heroine or affected a female, and in both cases society did its best to cover up

Ojt Experiences - 6977 Words

MY OJT EXPERIENCE Ikaw na maglagay ng date, nitatamad nako e, Tapos, dagdagan mo nlng ung note nung ibang holidays, nakalimutan ko na e, lumagpas nako ng holidays, ikaw nalang gumawa, oyy cheesy tong diary na to ah, kasi kunyari may nakilala ka :D ahah May mga iniwan din pala ako na blanks fill up-an mo nalang tignan mo ng mabuti baka may malagpasan ka, Finally my ___hours OJT is finally over. For 120 days I’ve learned a lot of things that I know I will never experience in my entire life without the help of (pinagOJThan mo). At first it’s hard for me to wake up too early and ride all alone to work specially riding a bus, but as time goes by my body is now used to my daily routine. 1. On our 1st day we had our orientation where we†¦show more content†¦13. So this day, I decided to work as my real self, no showoffs etc, just me, my true self, and I felt happier, I almost forgot the time, because I was really happy of what I was doing. 14. I thought it’ll all work out as planned, just work, nothing else, but there’s someone who did something BAD to me, but I can’t do anything, he’s a regular employee and I’m just having my practicum, so all I did was to ignore it and keep focus on my work. 15. This day, I’ve been hearing gossips about me, of course it’s from that person again, well I can’t do anything but to ignore it, it pisses me off, but it doesn’t harm me at all so, I kept in mind that I’ll just do my best, so that whatever that person says will not affect me, because I’m doing my job in a nice way. 16. This day I did something wrong, I broke something in the hotel room t hat I’ve got to pay, after that incident, again I’ve been hearing negative thoughts from that person, I was having a bad day today, a really bad day so I decided to talk about it with my supervisor, but all he said was â€Å"just ignore him†. I was thinking if that was a good advice. 17. Today, that person wasn’t around; I wasn’t hearing anything bad from them, just a normal day, nothing special. 18. As days goes by, I was able to make friends so that I’m enjoying what I’m doing because I have someone to talk to. 19. I noticed that the person having gossips about me was not around for how many days, I was really happyShow MoreRelatedMy Ojt Experience2044 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Company II. Summary of the OJT III. Assessment of the OJT 4.1 New knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired 4.2 Theories actually seen in practice 4.3 Feedback that can be given to the company or institution 4.4 Benefits gained 4.5 Problems encounterd IV. Appendices 5.6 Copy of signed waiver 5.7 Daily time record 5.8 Quarterly performance appraisal forms 5.9 Certificate of completion Assessment of OJT A. New knowledge, attitudesRead Moreintroduction of ojt1378 Words   |  6 PagesI INTRODUCTION On-Job Training (OJT) is normally included as part of the New Hire Training, post completion of Classroom / Buddy Training. In most businesses / accounts (back-office business) in Wipro BPO, an OJT program exists but not in a structured form. In most cases it does not factor in / include all the critical components to help make a new hire successful at the start of their Job. This document helps in identifying the key ingredients for an OJT program which will help shorten theRead MoreNarrative Report for Ojt1664 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents with work experience relevant to their chosen field of specialization. 2. To give students the opportunity to apply all the things they learned from classroom instructions and discover new knowledge to facilitate improvement. 3. To provide trainees the opportunity to acquire more skills and techniques in doing various tasks and responsibilities. 4. To enable students develop a sense of professionalism, love of work and commitment to people they serve. 5. To experience positive interpersonalRead Morenarrative report1121 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿MY OJT EXPERIENCE I learned a lot from my experiences as an On-the-Job Trainee of Aboitiz Power, Therma Mobile Inc. First of all, I’m very much gratified for the support and understanding of my superiors especially on times when I committed mistakes. More than any learning thought in school, I learned to be with others, to work with people. I learn also to listen to my senior, Mr. Balali even though at times I can’t understand his instructions. I also learn to accept criticism and be apologeticRead MoreIntegration Paper1512 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology Submitted by: Dilag, Mary Grace S. Submitted to: Juville C. Raà ±ises November 12, 2012 I. Table of Contents I. II. III. IV. Table of Contents Brief History/ Background of the Company/ Company Profile Summary of the OJT Experience Assessment of the OJT/Practicum Program A. New Knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired B. Theories actually seen in practice C. Feedback that can be given to the company or institution D. Benefits gained E. Problems Encountered V. Appendices A. CompanyRead MoreNarrative Report for Ojt1396 Words   |  6 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I. INTRODUCTION II. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE COMPANY/COMPANY PROFILE III. SUMMARY OF THE OJT EXPERIENCE IV. ASSESSMENT OF THE OJT/PRACTICUM PROGRAM A. New knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired B. Theories actually seen in practice C. Feedback that can be given to the company or institution D. Benefits gained E. Problems encountered V. APPENDICES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My success couldn’t turn into reality without this following person whoRead MoreOjt Narrative1031 Words   |  5 PagesAcknowledgement †¢ Dedication I. INTRODUCTION a. 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Viray Jr. OJT Coordinator Prepared by: Jacob S. Bugarin BSICT 3-B March 20, 2013 Acknowledgement I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mr. Martin Alexander

Skype Qnd the Chqnge of the Value Curve in Voip Industry free essay sample

Within this essay, several theoretical concepts would be developed and underpinned practical examples taken from how Skype has revolutionized the telecommunication industry. Firstly, the new value innovation which constitutes Skype    would    be    characterized. Afterwards,    the    impact    of    Skype’s    new    value    innovation on its industry would be explained. Secondly, it would be seen how innovation and entrepreneurial intensity of firms introducing new services or products can influence the shape of the industry value curve, using strategic canvas framework. Thirdly, the identification of new groups of customers that enable the new innovation would be demonstrated. 1 T o begin with it seems relevant to define innovation. According to Steve Job cited in Fortune in 1998, innovation does not depend on the amount of money you spend but on â€Å"the   people   you   have,   how   youre   led,   and   how much   you   get   it†. Besides   according   to   Drucker   (1985, cited in Kuratko and Hodgetts, 2004:137),   innovation   is   Ã¢â‚¬Å"the   specific   instrument   of   entrepreneurship   [   the   act   that    endows    resources    with    a    new    capacity    to    create    wealth. † Drucker asserts that innovation leads to wealth creation. Kim and Mauborgne nuance the notion of innovation introducing the new value innovation. According    to    them,    â€Å"Value Innovation    is    the    cornerstone    of    blue    ocean    strategy. It focuses on making the competition irrelevant by creating a leap in value for buyers and for the company, thereby opening up new and uncontested market space. † This works if there is the simultaneous effort to differentiate and to reduce the cost for buyers. They emphasize that value innovation benefits to customers and to the company which initiates it (see figure 1, p. 10). Besides, value innovation integrates a different approach than the conventional logic and applies a strategic logic of high growth including five dimensions: industry assumption, strategic focus, customers, assets and capabilities and product/service offering (see figure 2, p. 10) In the case of Skype, the company did this leap and created an uncontested market by transforming the way we communicate, using the shift from analog to digital (Rosenberg J. 2012). In 1876 analog telephone was invented by Graham Bell and    in    1960’s    it    became    global. It    is    just    in    the    1980’s    that    digital    connections    appeared, followed by the entrance of the mobile phone. Infrastructures for the digital technology were developed, and reduced the cost of information transmission. In 2003, Skype used this revol ution and revolutionized habits by launching the software which allows users to communicate –peers to peers on internet- with video 2 nd voice, to share files, to tchat and do video conferences, all of that free of charge. This combined voice and video offering gives users much higher value at lower cost than alternatives such as long distance calling, where you cannot see each other (Rosenberg J. , 2012). Furthermore, it ridicules complex and high costs calls from room-based video conferencing and reduces the costs of business or leisure travel. The impact on the industry was huge. â€Å"We   are   in   the   middle   of   an   incredible    revolution of how technology works as a whole. Voice Over IP has already transformed communication,    and    we    have    just    begun,†    said    Jonathan    Rosenberg,    chief technologist for Skype, during a lecture at Elon University in 2012. Indeed Skype made the competition irrelevant and Avaya, Siemens and Nortel Networks have stopped selling their expensive voice boxes for conferences (Rosenberg J. , 2012). Jonathan Rosenberg insists    in    the    conference    saying    â€Å"Holy    cow,    this    is    a    market    that    didn’t    exist,    and    now    12. 5 % of international calls include video†. The    shift has been radical for the industry and Skype represents now 25 % of the total volume of international calls. At last, TeleGeography’s    latest    data    shows    that    the    growth    of    international    call    traffic    slows    down,    while    Skype’s    cross-border traffic continues to soar (see figure 3, p. 11). 3 S econdly, the canvas value curve would be defined and the influence of Skype on the shape of the industry value curve using strategic canvas framework would be considered. According to Kim and Mauborgne the strategy canvas is the central diagnostic and action framework for building a compelling blue ocean strategy. Blue ocean strategy is an expression used by these two authors to express the uncontested market created by the value innovation; in contrast with the red ocean where firms are competing (see figure 4, p. 11). Being a tool for the BOS, the strategy canvas serves two purposes. Firstly, it clarifies which current competing factors are used by the industry, and so, by the main competitors competing in the red ocean. Secondly, it is an efficient way to refocus users on new competing factors and hence transform non customers to customers (see figure 5, p. 12). As suitable example of the strategy canvas, the graph was made for Skype (see figure 6, p. 12). Kim and Mauborgne assert that    to    â€Å"reconstruct    buyer    value    elements in crafting a new value curve; we use    the    four    actions    framework†. The    first    one    is    â€Å"eliminate†    and    it    represents    the    factor that the industry has long competed in. Skype eliminated the cost of global communications (only with peers to peers usage on internet), the obsolescence and the cost of maintenance of video conference equipment. The second one is â€Å"reduce†    and is related to which factors could be reduced well below the industry standard. In the case of Skype, it has reduced the time of connection. The third   factor   is   Ã¢â‚¬Å"raise†    and    considers    which    factors    should    be    raised    well    above    the    industry’s    standard. Skype raised the quality of the voice –essential factor according to Jonathan Rosenberg- and    the    ease    of    use. At    last,    the    fourth    factor    is    â€Å"create†    and    implies what could be created that the industry has never offered. Skype was the first 4 company in this industry launching new services like the possibility to share files, to tchat and the availability on mobile devices (see figure 7, p. 3) Normally, conventional competition takes place within clearly established boundaries defined by the products and services the industry traditionally offers. But in this case, Skype has clearly redefined the rules of the industry and has pushed the boundaries usi ng a strategic canvas framework. It is pertinent to ask what happens once a company has created a new value curve in terms of competition. Kim and Mauborgne argue that, sooner or later, the competition tries to imitate it. It is exactly what is happening for Skype. Indeed, many companies have tried to copy this value innovation. According to Focus. om (platform of experts on technology) and CreditScore it is the case for ooVoo, Vbuzzer, VoipBuster, Jajah and SightSpeed. For the future Skype intends to develop its availability on different platforms as it knows that it could increase the volume of users. Hence, Skype wants to be compatible with Xbox, Hotmail messenger and Kinect. Furthermore, Google and Facebook plan to invest $ 4 Billion each one in the company, which reveals that Skype is still seen in advance, compared to its competitors and attracts investors. Even if competitors intend to compete with Skype, they are still struggling to do it. Skype has transformed the value curve of the industry and is still    in    a    â€Å"blue    ocean†. Indeed,   as   noted   by   Microsoft   News   center,   Skype   is   still   the   only software which provides at the same time voice call ( P2P), phone call (calling in), video call, instant messaging, desktop sharing and file sharing (see figure 8, p. 13). What would be the next value innovation to maintain the differentiation? 5 F inally, new groups of customers that enable the new value innovation would be identified. Afterwards, this identification would be supported by Skype example. Most of the time, companies which are competing   within   a   Ã¢â‚¬Å"red   ocean†   try   to   attract customers by refining the segmentation and offering tailoring to meet their needs (Kim and Mauborge 2012). Unfortunately this leads to narrow the number of customers who are reachable, creating too-small target markets. Value innovation follows an utterly different logic. Instead of concentrating on customers, they focus on noncustomers. It has been argued by Kim and Mauborgne that there are three ties of noncustomers that can be transformed into customers (see figure 9, p. 14). It is essential for companies to know who the non-customers are, in    order    to    â€Å"unlock    them†. The    first    tier    is    the    one    which    is    closest    to    the    market’s    company. Noncustomers within this tier are the more likely to become its customers if the company offers a leap in value. In addition,   these   Ã¢â‚¬Å"soon-to-be†   customers   could be loyal and their frequency of purchase could multiply in the near future. The second tier of noncustomers is constituted of people who refuse to use   the    company’s   offering. They    are aware of the offering but have consciously decided to be against the market. For Skype, it could be the case with aged people who know that Skype exists but prefer using   their   Ã¢â‚¬Å"classic   analog   phone†   for   international   calls. The   last   tier   is   Ã¢â‚¬Å"unexplored†    customers who are in markets distant from the company. In reality these people have   never   considered   the   market’s   offering   as   an   option. Using   Skype   example,   this    could be the case of people who do not have an internet access, especially in remote areas. Skype    by    creating    a    leap    of    value    for    customers    has    really    â€Å"unlocked    noncustomers†.

What Is Birth Order Essay Example For Students

What Is Birth Order Essay How Birth Order Affects Ones PersonalityEveryone in the world is born with a special and unique character. Some of their personality is shaped by their surroundings as they grow up as well as the factor of genetics. It is believed by some psychologists/researchers that birth order has a tendency to influence parts of the personality. Birth order isnt a simplistic 1-2-3 system that says all first borns are equally one way, all second children are another and last-born kids are always just like this or that. These are simply tendencies and general characteristics that often apply. There are dynamics with families that can change relationships. Through your position in the family you develop your behavior pattern, way of thinking and emotional response. Your birth order helps determine your expectations, your strategies for dealing with people and your weaknesses. Reasons for being interested in Birth order is because it is one way to gain an understanding of friends, family members, bo y friends, really anyone you wanted to try to scope out. Unfortunately there arent any fortune cards or magic spells to understand family and friends. Knowing and understanding birth order can not only help you understand other people but yourself included. The only- child develops characteristics from having to cope with playing alone and with having to fend off adult intrusion. Only children tend to feel frustrated and throw tantrums when not pleased. They love to say Leave me alone, Id rather do it myself! They tend to have imaginary companions and feel as if the child within was smothered because they had to grow up so quickly. Therefore in turn allow their own children time and space. As well as always being an emotional and considerate friend that loves to listen. First borns tend to be goal setters and high achievers. Along with being perfectionists who are very responsible, organized and determined people. They are rule keepers and follow all the details. The first born is a n only child until the second child comes to take away the mothers attention. The only child becomes a first born feeling there is no love for him or her. In school, first-borns tend to work harder for grades than do later-borns. They often grow to be more competitive and to have higher educational and career aspirations. Any enumeration of prominent people, eminent scholars, even presidents of the United States contains a higher percent of first borns. Of the first twenty-three astronauts sent into outer space, twenty-one were first-borns or only children. One psychologist, specifying in birth order, as well as a mother of a first-born child remarked, No wonder most of the astronauts are first borns. They will do anything to get away from those parents who hounded them mercilessly. This was after telling a story about how many mothers try to push their first child much harder than they should. In her case, she specifically remembers trying to convince her two year old son to get in to the crashing waves of the ocean. The middle-child or the second born tends to be very flexible and diplomatic. They are always generous and very sociable people. The second- born loses attention as the first born aggressively takes it away, leaving the second child to feel as if he or she cannot do anything well enough to merit attention. Therefore their parents hardly notice them compared to younger children. As a result, they suffer less from their parents neurosis and are relaxed, easy going and malleable peacemakers. They are good mediators and have superior cooperation skills. They dont have their parents all to themselves or get their own way. Therefore, they learn to negotiate and compromise. They often make excellent managers and leaders because of these skills. Sometimes it is found that the in- between kids actually have the most comfortable position in the birth order. They dont have to please their parents because the parents are too busy with the next kid. The younge st or the last born is always considered the king or queen. The second- child picks on the third in the process of trying to pass on the feeling of inadequacy. Rather than feel inadequate, the third born feels vulnerable. He or she learns to think that anyone can get to him or her. As a result this last child relies heavily on the parents. This child is treated like a king and king needs his court to serve him. The kid needs his food served, his clothes brought to him. .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce , .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce .postImageUrl , .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce , .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce:hover , .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce:visited , .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce:active { border:0!important; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce:active , .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub3a9590c060f00b000957218d83bc2ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Corporal Punishment Essay We will write a custom essay on What Is Birth Order specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The baby is not as achievement oriented as the others, especially the firstborn who is still seeking mommy and daddys approval. The baby never cares about mommy or daddys approval, just simply expects it no matter what. Although other studies have found that the youngest children in the family are typically outgoing and great at motivating other people. They are also affectionate, uncomplicated and sometimes a little absent-minded. These also have found that babies of the family gravitate toward vocations that are people oriented. Good sales people are often last borns. Some characteristics of the last born child are that they are creative and have a good sense of humor. They are outgoing and idea type of people, as well as risk takers. Just as a little piece of advice, there is a way to spare your child the trauma of being defined by their place in the birth order Have Twins!! ( Actually this is not true from personal experience my baby brothers are twins. The one who was born two h ours before the other matches the first- born , second-born scenario perfectly.)Many people wonder what will happen to a childs personality based on birth order when there is a divorce. Quite obviously, divorce is a very emotional thing for a child to go through especially when they are younger. The divorce will not effect the birth order but it will effect other aspects of the childs daily life and therefore its personality. Children tend to hit the extreme sides of the spectrums. They either became incredibly independent because they feel let down by their parents and can only trust themselves. Or the child becomes very dependent on the parents, quite often the parent that they happen to spend the most time with. This is due to the fact that they do not understand what is going on in the divorce situation and they become extremely scared. What happens when a new child is introduced into the home such as step-siblings and foster children? Depending on the age of the child already i n the household and the age of the one introduced into the new environment. The younger the child is the more likely the child is to accept the new sibling as their real sibling. Many times this is done unconsciously. The new sibling becomes integrated into the birth order and therefore effects all of the childrens personalities. Not everyones personalities match that of their birth order. Variables can affect each family situation. These variables include spacing, the sex of the child (there are actually 12 different types of personalities due to sex coinsiding with birth- order.), the sex of the child, physical differences, disabilities, the birth order position of parents, any blending of two or more families due to death or divorce and the relationship between parents. There are many different studies that have been made dealing with birth order. Each one differs slightly from the next. Some of the studies are completely opposing each other. I have tried to compile ones that are relatively similar. sources:www.rayid.com/main/sibling.htmJoman,(1993)Family Constellation: Its effects on Personality and Social Behavior. New York: Springer Pub.Co. Leman,(1998) The New Birth Order Book: Why you are the way you are,Grand Rapids, Mich. : F.H. RevellLederman, Sherri Phd.(2000)Birth Order, New York, New York:Whole Family Center, Inc. Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2ed. Gale Group,2001.in association with th Gale Group and LooksmartWords/ Pages : 1,324 / 24

Market Structure Essays

Market Structure Essays Market Structure Essay Market Structure Essay We can classify firms by the roles they play in the target market: leader, challenger, follower, or nicher. Suppose a market is occupied by the firms shown in Figure 1. 1. Forty percent of the market is in the hands of a market leader; another 30 percent is in the hands of a market challenger; another 20 percent is in the hands of a market follower, a firm that is willing to maintain its market share and not rock the boat. The remaining 10 percent is in the hands of market nichers, firms that serve small market segments not being served by larger firms. . 1. Market Leader Many industries contain one firm that is the acknowledged market leader. This firm has the largest market share in the relevant product market, and usually leads the other firms in price changes, new-product introductions, distribution coverage, and promotional intensity. Some well-known market leaders are Microsoft (computer software), Intel (microprocessors), Gatorade (sports drinks), Best Buy (retail electronics), McDonalds (fast food), Gillette (razor blades), UnitedHealth (health insurance), and Visa (credit cards). . 1. 1Market Leader’s Objectives Remaining number one calls for action on three fronts. First, the firm must find ways to expand total market demand. Second, the firm must protect its current market share through good defensive and offensive actions. Third, the firm can try to increase its market share, even if market size remains constant. 1. 1. 1. 1 Expanding The Total Market The dominant firm normally gains the most when the total market expands. If Americans, for instance, increase their consumption of ketchup, Heinz stands to gain the most because it sells almost two-thirds of the countrys ketchup. If Heinz can convince more Americans to use ketchup, or to use ketchup with more meals, or to use more ketchup on each occasion, Heinz will benefit considerably. In general, the market leader should look for new customers or more usage from existing customers. NEW CUSTOMERS Every product class has the potential of attracting buyers who are unaware of the product or who are resisting it because of price or lack of certain features. A company can search for new users among three groups: those who might use it but do not (market-penetration strategy), those who have never used it (new-market segment strategy), or those who live elsewhere (geographical-expansion strategy). Starbucks Coffee is one of the best-known brands in the world. Starbucks is able to sell a cup of coffee for $3 while the store next door can only get $1. And if you want the popular cafe latte, its $4. Starbucks has more than 7,200 locations throughout North America, the Pacific Rim, Europe, and the Middle East, and its annual revenue for 2002 topped $3. 3 billion. Its corporate Web site gives a peek into its multipronged approach to growth. Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment- primarily through its company-operated retail stores. In addition, Starbucks sells whole bean coffees through a specialty sales group and supermarkets. Additionally, Starbucks produces and sells bottled Frappuccino ® coffee drinks and a line of premium ice creams through its joint venture partnerships and offers a line of innovative premium teas produced by its wholly owned subsidiary, Tazo Tea Company. The companys objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world. To achieve this goal, the company plans to continue to rapidly expand its retail operations, grow its specialty sales and other operations, and selectively pursue opportunities to leverage the Starbucks brand through the introduction of new products and the development of new distribution channels. MORE USAGE Usage can be increased by increasing the level or quantity of consumption or increasing the frequency of consumption. The amount of consumption can sometimes be increased through packaging or product design. Larger package sizes have been shown to increase the amount of product that consumers use at one time. The usage of impulse consumption products such as soft drinks and snacks increases when the product is made more available. Increasing frequency of use, on the other hand, involves identifying additional opportunities to use the brand in the same basic way or identifying completely new and different ways to use the brand. In some cases, the product may be seen as useful only in certain places and at certain times, especially if it has strong brand associations to particular usage situations or user types. To generate additional usage opportunities, a marketing program can communicate the appropriateness and advantages of using the brand more frequently in new or existing situations and/or remind consumers to actually use the brand as close as possible to those situations. The wine industry launched a number of initiatives in the late 1990s to attract Gen-Xers and convince them wine was a casual, every day libation to be drunk like bottled water, beer or soda. Another potential opportunity to increase frequency of use is when consumers perceptions of their usage differs from the reality of their usage. For many products with relatively short life spans, consumers may fail to replace the product when they should because of a tendency to overestimate the length of productive usage. One strategy to speed up product replacement is to tie the act of replacing the product to a certain holiday, event, or time of year. Another strategy might be to provide consumers with better information as to either: (1) when the product was first used or would need to be replaced or (2) the current level of product performance. Each Gillette Mach3 cartridge features a blue stripe that slowly fades with repeated use. After about a dozen shaves, it fades away, signaling the user to move on to the next cartridge. The second approach is to identify completely new and different applications. For example, food product companies have long advertised new recipes that use their branded products in entirely different ways. Given that the average American eats dry breakfast cereal three mornings a week, cereal manufacturers would gain if they could promote cereal eating on other occasions- perhaps as a snack. Product development can spur new uses. Chewing gum manufacturers are exploring ways to make nutraceutical products as a cheap, effective delivery mechanism for medicine. The majority of Adams chewing gums (number two in the world) claim health benefits. Aquafresh and Arm Hammer are two dental gums that both achieved some success.

The Modern World-System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Modern World-System - Essay Example Unlike an empire where political structure connects culture with livelihood, the political structure in the world-economy works towards connecting culture with spatial position. Cultural harmonization tends to work in the best interest of specific groups in world-economy. In core-states, integration has perpetuated disparities that exist within the world economy. World-economies are made up of core-states. Peripheral regions are weak and have low independence. Sandwiched between core-states and peripheral areas are semiperipheral areas, which are an essential component of the world-economy structure. Semiperipheral areas act as a link between core-states and peripheral areas. The modern world-economy is a typical capitalist economy. The geographical definition range, as well as the status of its self-consciousness, remains vital in assessing a class. A group self-conscious is an outcome of conflict scenarios. Class boundaries in the upper societal strata are explicit ensuring a high likelihood of maintenance of privileges. There is a single class that has established itself as a universal- capitalist class. There is always friction in the relationship between the capitalist class and all the other social strata. Strong states work in the best interest of a particular group at the expense of others. In the world-economy, structures tend to be strong in core-states, while weak among periphery areas. Exploitation and rejection of coercion still remain an integral part of the modern world economy.

Negative brand 4Ps analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Negative brand 4Ps analysis - Assignment Example The company’s strategy for succeeding in the market has been selling its products at a lower cost and for years, its culture has been operating on the assumption that keeping costs under control will sustain the company in the competitive global PC marketplace. Things have however changed in recent years and Acer has been constantly failing in the market. In 2012, the company was a position down in terms of worldwide PC sales, since it occupied a fourth place (Barker, businessinsider.com). In an effort to satisfy its users and customers and maintain a competitive position in the PC market, Acer has been changing its look. Acer group named this as its multi-brand strategy (Acer Group, acer-group.com). The implementation of the multi-brand strategy has been done by making Acer’s range of products different aesthetically, as well as fully featured and innovative. For desktops, their conventional design had been changed, while notebooks have been made slimmer and longer lasting. For desktops, Acer has come up with stylish LCD’s and for notebooks, their weight has been significantly reduced making them lighter and their battery life lengthened for more convenience and freedom (Acer Group, acer-group.com). People like having their needs and desires met without too many complications and Acer’s goal has been to satisfy its customers. Product: In terms of reliability, Acer laptop brands occupy 9% among all laptop brands worldwide (Egan, pcadvisor.co.uk). After being used for a while, it has been noted that the speed of Acer laptops reduces, while booting seems to take longer and webcams have problems. These negative factors make Acer fail as a product in the market place. Price: The cost of Acer PC products in comparison to other PC products is relatively low. This has been the case for years. The company has maintained the

Essay On Political Parties In India Essay Example for Free

Essay On Political Parties In India Essay Posted in National Issues of India by Vijay Jaiswal On August 29, 2013. No comments In a modern democratic political system of India, with governments based on Parliamentary model, political parties are central to the working of the political system. Political parties in Indian Democracy grow up the as spokesman of organized interests. Thus a Political party system in India is an organization of like minded people based together either to preserve and promote group interests or to promote a particular ideology. Usually every party seeks to promote some particular interest and ideology. The political party constantly seeks to capture governmental powers to secure its ends. In a democracy, the party gets into power through elections. In a Parliamentary system such of India, the political party winning the majority of seats in the Lower House of the Parliament forms the Government, while the Party or Parties failing to get the majority constitutes the opposition. Thus the Parliamentary government is always a Party government. It may be the government of a single party or it may be the government of a coalition of parties. The nature of political party system in India was characterized by Morris Jhones as a dominant one party system. It means that India basically has a multi-party system but one among the many parties is dominant party and monopolizes governmental power. Since independence up to the 4th general election in 1947 this was precisely the picture. The Congress party was in power during all the twenty years from 1947-67 both at the centre and in the states with a brief exception in Kerala in 1958. The 1967 elections saw the fall of the Congress monopoly in several states where unstable coalitions were established. The sixth General Election in 1977 witnessed the fall of the Congress at the centre. The Janata Government was established. But the Janata experiment soon failed. For Janata was in reality an unstable coalition. The Congress gained back its power in 1980. Then there was a B.J.P. coalition government at the centre and in few states. On the basis of their influence and aspirations, parties in India fall into two categories: All India politicalparties and regional political parties. Thus the Congress (I) or the Jananta Dal or the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) – are truly All India parties having some sort of influence throughout India and having All India aspirations. There are some other political parties which are professedly All India parties but their influence is limited to particular regions. They may be classed us regional parties with All India aspirations. The Communist Party of India (Marxist), the Communist Party of India, the Forward Block, the Revolutionary Socialist Party (R.S.P) etc. fall into this category. The influence of the C.P.I. (M) for example is concentrated in West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura. The regional political parties are those which are frankly regional in their aspirations emphasizing their ethnic or linguistic identities. The D.M.K. or the A.I.A.D.M.K. in Tamil Nadu, the Telugu Desham in Andhra, and the A.G.P. in Assam or the National Conference in Jammu and Kashmir fall into this category. There are also some frankly communal parties like the Shib Sena emphasizing their religious identity. On the basis of ideology, Indian parties may be classified into conservative, liberal democratic and revolutionary parties. The B.J.P. for example is a conservative party. The Janata Dal and the Congress are liberal democratic parties. The Communist Parties, the Revolutionary Socialist Party etc. are revolutionary parties seeking restructuring of the society along Marxian Lines, while the B.J.P. may be said to occupy the extreme right position in the political spectrum, the Congress, the Janata Dal stand at the centre while the Communist Parties and  the R.S.P. occupy the extreme left position.

Eating Disorders and the Media :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Eating Disorders and the Media Today's society is undeniably marked by cultural norms and ideals.   The question is, however, does the mass media's depiction of this norm cause harmful behavior in its population?   Researchers have shown that there is a bias in the way television targets children in advertising (Ogletree, S., Williams, S., Raffeld, P., Mason, B., Fricke, K., 1990) and that this media influence over people has always been observable (Miles, M., 1995).   This targeting of audience members serves the purpose of singling out the most desirable consumer for the product to encourage their economic support.   So if advertising is only concerned with selling product, why is it blamed for the low self-esteem and body image and thus the bulimia and anorexia seen in today's women?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The images projected by the media in commercials, products, wrote ads etc. give today's consumers an idea of what "normal" should look like (Sellers, M., Waligroski, K., 1993).   The people in the ads would all have the ideal body proportions, material possessions and social status in order to deserve the attention the ad places on them.   Viewers see the ads and compare the body images they see to themselves, which is likely to reveal a discrepancy.   Five years ago, the average female model weighed 23% less that the average woman of the time (Miles, M., 1995) and the difference is only growing.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Men to are affected by the media's portrayal of what ideal looks like.   Jirousek explains the evolution of the ideal male figure from a slim and "romantic" shape to the "superhuman" image we see in television and the rest of media today (1996).   With the beginning of televised football in the 1930's, the popularized image of males incorporated the larger than life appearance from shoulder pads and other "armor" to encompass movie heroes, comic book characters and clothing models.   With the males in the public eye having these muscular figures and distorted proportions, the "normal" male then received the impression that this is what women wanted even if the look does not come easily to most men.   Fabio is a good example of this image (although Jirousek states that Fabio is more for the female consumer than the influence over male viewers, 1996).   This male image could be just the thing a man needs to see in order to feel completely below expectations t hus, resulting in low self-esteem.

Case Study †An Ethical Dilemma Essay

Jackie, a young star with a prominent voice who gets picked up by a professional recording label after performing at a national talent competition. Overwhelmed with excitement, thinks it is a dream come true to start a career with a lucrative contract. Meets and has an intimate encounter with her soon to be manager, Kevin. Months go by as their relationship begins to flourish but soon she starts to hear rumors that Kevin has helped a new girl in the legal department get her position threw their own personal relations. Jackie has suspicions that Kevin may be having other deeper interactions with this new girl. Jackie’s suspicions turn out to be true and she is devastated. She obviously breaks off the relationship with Kevin but cannot afford to lose him as her manager. Time goes by with awkward silence between the two but eventually Jackie decides to be professional with her career and continues to keep Kevin on as her manager. This lasts awhile until Kevin starts to make inappropriate sexual advances towards her. She tries to laugh it off but as he continues she threatens to make a formal complaint to legal. He does eventually stop but has stopped all efforts to promote her music thus making it very difficult for her to continue on with her success. She eventually does decide to make a complaint with legal, there is where she runs into Leslie, the girl that Kevin had got the position for in legal. She tells her, â€Å"even I believed you, you didn’t report this relationship which goes against our superior-employee ethics code†. So either she had the choice to let the matter go or to make a complaint which would in turn have her also reprimanded. She is forced with  an ultimate decision and eventually decides to do nothing. Summarized Ethical Issue at Heart The unethical issue at heart is the manager, Kevin, making inappropriate gestures towards Jackie after they had broken up. Doing so with Jackie’s vulnerable position of whether or not to report the issue which would do more harm than good. Or to leave the matter alone and just hope that Kevin would leave her alone. Neither option are better suited for Jackie who in this case is the victim, which leads to the question of appropriate ethical responsibility of the company. Details that are missing in the case A 3rd party perspective on the details of both parties. More detail as to what accusations were being made towards Kevin and Jackie. Whether Kevin had proper ethical training. List of all stakeholders who would be involved with this ethical dilemma. Employees Other artists Board of Trustees Investors Legal Department Customers Community Media Three stakeholders and the concerns they may have. Employees Don’t like how they are working for an unethically sound company. Thinking how it could happen to them if they were put in the same situation If the  problem was ever made public how would my job security look? Would this company’s name stain my resume? Investors How will my portfolio look if this artist is to become successful with another producer? Will this story become public? Will my shares plummet from this company’s bad publicity? What would happen to the company outlook if the entire company was to go thru proper corporate ethical training? Could it be a success? Board of Trustees This will look bad if the story was to made public How must will it cost to perform proper corporate training on proper ethical behavior? Do the managerial levels need to be reevaluated? Could the company be looking at a lawsuit? Five solutions. Perform corporate training at all levels reviewing proper ethical conduct Fire the manager Workout an undisclosed settlement See if another manager is available to take her on Leave and try to find successes elsewhere Top three solutions with possible consequences. 1. Perform corporate training at all levels, monitor it and have employees sign off on regulating polices that are being implemented regarding superior-employee relations as well as all other common ethical practices. Doesn’t really solve the problem at hand, may be good for the future but doesn’t help Jackie Company sets public perception that their ethical standards are in question Very timely and costly Risk of employees losing interest/possible turnover of employees 2. Fire and Replace the Manager May get sued by Kevin for wrongful termination Jackie’s verbal threats may continue Incident is likely to be made public Board of Trustees would have to look over all management positions Loss of all positive profits that Kevin may have acquired 3. Workout an undisclosed settlement Costly Sets a standard for future wrong doings May not stay quiet Fellow employees and/or artist may exercise more scrutiny as they mature on with their job Three Stakeholders and Top Three Solutions with two pros and two cons effects on the Stakeholder. Make company employees take corporate training on proper ethical behavior Will benefit the company’s overall performance Give the media something different to talk about with regards to the company Very costly Employees may decline to take it/possible employee turnover Fire and Replace the Manager Jackie would be satisfied The company would have a bad employee released Fellow artists may lose that label Manager could sue for wrongful termination Workout an undisclosed amount Jackie would be happy and the problem would be resolved Stays quiet Costly Solves no future problems Two ethical principles upheld or violated by the top three solutions. Make company employees take corporate training on proper ethical behavior Provides positive integrity to the company As long as the training provided was paid hours it shouldn’t be seen in any way of being unethical Trust and Communication Fire and Replace the Manager Fails to meet ethical standards simply because not enough information is known Unethical towards the employees as some could suddenly be put into a disadvantage Work out an undisclosed amount Completely unethical from the rest of the company’s standpoint as this option would be odd and serve no purpose towards the rest of the company Financially unethical to use funds to serve as a settlement rather than other purposes of the company Performing corporate training at all levels, monitoring it and have employees sign off on regulating polices that are being implemented regarding superior-employee relations as well as all other common ethical practices will provide positive integrity to the company. If the training hours were paid and it didn’t have an effect on daily routine then it doesn’t seem to be unethical to request training hours. Firing the manager Kevin would solve Jackie’s problem but only hers alone. To be fair which is a principle of  ethics would be to implement a code that would benefit the company as a whole. Although what Kevin is accused of doing is warranted of being fired there just isn’t enough information for the company to let him go. Her words against his wouldn’t be enough to fire him. This is why a revamp of full corporate training probably stands to be the best possible solution for this situation. Decision and Implementation Identify the best solution. Implementing corporate training throughout the entire staff of the company maybe specializing in specific areas would be most likely to be the best possible solution. There are a lot more benefits to educating employees on proper ethics. A workplace in which an ethics code has been instilled is a naturally pleasant place. Employee morale rises in an atmosphere that promotes good behavior and honest interactions. Reasons why this is the best solution. It creates a better atmosphere in the workplace, teaches an office how to work as a team, promotes personal responsibility, and has always shown to boost staff morale. A work ethics training program promotes teamwork by instilling trust in co-workers. People are more likely to be amenable to working together when they appreciate and respect one another. Why the other solutions were rejected Firing the manager Kevin as well as making an undisclosed settlement were found to be unethical towards other members of the company. It would not be a good example to set if the company were to single out an incident and act in an irregular way towards that issue. There also wasn’t enough facts to the case to make the decision to fire the manager, Kevin. Especially doing so knowing full well it would affect other stakeholders. Possible objections to the solution The company may find that employee may complain that they do not need to take part in training. A mandatory requirement may need to be implemented for all employees. A turnover rate within the employees may be seen. Investors or Board of Trustees will look at all avenues of the cheapest method of implementing training. How would you overcome these objections? Make it a requirement to attain a certain number of ethics training hours. Find other avenues of funding that can contribute to the program to make sure that employees are receiving the best training. Self-inflicted training from the managerial level is a cheaper method to instruct employees. References Ethical Dilemma. (n.d.). Forbes. Retrieved , from http://www.forbes.com/2004/06/23/cx_da_0623topnews.html Advantages of Training Employees About Work Ethics. (n.d.). Small Business. Retrieved , from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-training-employees-work-ethics-44472.html Ethics Training in the Workplace. (n.d.). Ethics Training. Retrieved , from http://www.rctm.com/ethics.htm Institute For Ethical Awareness. (n.d.). Institute For Ethical Awareness. Retrieved , from http://www.instituteforethicalawareness.org The Online Business Ethics Training Program | Ethics Training Guide. (n.d.). Ethics Training Guide. Retrieved , from http://ethicstrainingguide.org/

World Energy Consumption - 3233 Words

World energy consumption World energy consumption in 2010: over 5% growth [6] Energy markets have combined crisis recovery and strong industry dynamism . Energy consumption in the G20 soared by more than 5% in 2010, after the slight decrease of 2009. This strong increase is the result of two converging trends. Onthe one-hand, industrialized countries, which experienced sharp decreases in energy demand in 2009, recovered firmly in 2010, almost coming back to historical trends. Oil, gas, coal, and electricity markets followed the same trend. On the other hand, China and India, which showed no signs of slowing down in 2009, continued their intense demand for all forms of energy. In 2009, world energy consumption decreased for the first time†¦show more content†¦The total energy flux from the sun is 3.8 YJ/yr, dwarfing all non-renewable resources. |Contents | |1 Emissions | |2 Primary energy | |2.1 Fossil fuels | |2.2 Coal | |2.3 Oil | |2.4 Gas | |2.5 Nuclear power | |2.6 Renewable energy | |2.6.1 Hydropower | |2.6.2 Biomass and biofuels | |2.6.3 Wind power | |2.6.4 Solar power | |2.6.5 Geothermal | |3 By country | |4 By sector | |5 Alternative energy paths | |6 See also | |7 References | |8 Further reading | |9 External links | Emissions The global warming emissions are the most serious global environmental problem. Therefore many nations have signed the UN agreement to prevent a dangerous influence in the climate system. 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